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Phenotypic diversity of morphological traits of pitahaya (Hylocereus spp.) and its agronomic potential in the Amazonas region, Peru
(MDPI, 2024-11-02) Santos Pelaez, Julio Cesar; Saravia Navarro, David; Cruz Delgado, Julio H. I.; Del Carpio Salas, Miguel Angel; Barboza, Elgar; Casanova Núñez-Melgar, David Pavel
Pitahaya (Hylocereus spp.) is an economically significant cactus fruit in Peru, renowned for its rich nutritional profile and antioxidant properties while exhibiting wide biological diversity.
This study aimed to morphologically characterize seven pitahaya accessions using qualitative and quantitative descriptors related to the cladodes, flowers, and fruits. Univariate and multivariate
(FAMD, PCA, MCA, and clustering) analyses were employed to identify and classify the accessions based on their morphological traits. The analyses revealed three distinct groups: one consisting solely of AC.07; another with AC.02, AC.04, and AC.06; and a third including AC.01, AC.03, and AC.05. The first group exhibited superior characteristics, particularly in fruit traits such as the stigma lobe count (23.3), number of bracts (26.5 mm), and length of apical bracts (15.75 mm). The second group
recorded the highest spine count (3.21), bract length (16.95 mm), and awn thickness (5.12 mm). The third group had the highest bract count (37) and an average locule number (23.65). These findings highlight the significant morphological diversity among the accessions, indicating the potential for classification and selection in pitahaya cultivation. The potential of AC.07 stands out in terms of its agronomic qualities, such as its fruit weight (451.93 g) and pulp weight (292.5 g), surpassing the other accessions.
Draft genome sequence data of Fusarium verticillioides strain REC01, a phytopathogen isolated from a Peruvian maize
(Elsevier, 2024-09-23) Estrada Cañari, Richard; Aragón, Liliana; Pérez Porras, Wendy E.; Romero Avila, Yolanda; Martínez Vidal, Gabriel; García, Karina; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos; Arbizu Berrocal, Carlos I.
Fusarium verticillioides represents a major phytopathogenic
threat to maize crops worldwide. In this study, we present genomic sequence data of a phytopathogen isolated from a maize stem that shows obvious signs of vascular rot. Using rigorous microbiological identification techniques, we correlated
the disease symptoms observed in an affected maize region with the presence of the pathogen. Subsequently, the pathogen was cultured in a suitable fungal growth medium and extensive morphological characterization was performed. In addition, a pathogenicity test was carried out in a DCA model with three treatments and seven repetitions. De novo assembly from Illumina Novaseq 60 0 0 sequencing yielded 456 contigs, which together constitute a 42.8 Mb genome assembly with a GC % content of 48.26. Subsequent comparative analyses were performed with other Fusarium genomes available in the NCBI database.
Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense as a strategy to reduce nitrogen fertilization in cultivating purple maize (Zea mays l.) in the Inter-andean valleys of Peru
(MDPI, 2024-10-21) Condori Ataupillco, Tatiana; Alarcón Romani, Susan; Huasasquiche Sarmiento, Lucero; García Blásquez, Cayo; Padilla Castro, César; Velásquez Mantari, José; Solórzano Acosta, Richard
Purple maize has gained global significance due to its numerous nutraceutical benefits. However, sustaining its production typically requires high doses of nitrogen fertilizers, which, when applied in excess, can contaminate vital resources such as soil and water. Inoculation with nitrogenfixing microorganisms, such as those from the Azospirillum genus, has emerged as an alternative to partially or fully replace nitrogen fertilizers. This study aimed to evaluate the inoculation effect with A. brasilense and varying nitrogen fertilization levels on the yield and quality of purple maize. The experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement and five replications. Treatments comprised two inoculation levels (control without inoculation and inoculation with A. brasilense) under five nitrogen doses (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg・ha−1, applied as urea). Inoculation with A. brasilense resulted in a 10.5% increase in plant height, a 16.7% increase in root length, a 21.3% increase in aboveground fresh biomass, a 30.1% increase in root fresh biomass, and a 27.7% increase in leaf nitrogen concentration compared to the no inoculated control. Regarding yield, the inoculated plants surpassed the control in both purple maize yield (kg・ha−1) and cob weight by 21.8% and 11.6%, respectively. Across all fertilization levels and parameters assessed, the inoculated treatments outperformed the control. Furthermore, for parameters, namely plant height, leaf nitrogen content, and cob dimensions (length, diameter, and weight), the A. brasilense inoculation treatment with 90 kg N・ha−1 was statistically equivalent or superior to the non-inoculated control with 120 kg N・ha−1. These results indicate that inoculation with A. brasilense positively impacted purple maize at all nitrogen levels tested and improved nitrogen use efficiency, enabling a reduction of 30 kg N・ha-1 without compromising performance in key parameters.
Estimation of forage biomass in oat (Avena sativa) using agronomic variables through UAV multispectral imaging
(MDPI, 2024-10-06) Urquizo Barrera, Julio Cesar; Ccopi Trucios, Dennis; Ortega Quispe, Kevin; Castañeda Tinco, Italo; Patricio Rosales, Solanch; Passuni Huayta, Jorge; Figueroa Venegas, Deyanira; Enriquez Pinedo, Lucia; Ore Aquino, Zoila; Pizarro Carcausto, Samuel
Accurate and timely estimation of oat biomass is crucial for the development of sustainable and efficient agricultural practices. This research focused on estimating and predicting forage oat
biomass using UAV and agronomic variables. A Matrice 300 equipped with a multispectral camera was used for 14 flights, capturing 21 spectral indices per flight. Concurrently, agronomic data were collected at six stages synchronized with UAV flights. Data analysis involved correlations and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to identify significant variables. Predictive models for forage biomass were developed using various machine learning techniques: linear regression, Random Forests (RFs), Support Vector Machines (SVMs), and Neural Networks (NNs). The Random Forest model showed the best performance, with a coefficient of determination R2 of 0.52 on the test set, followed by Support Vector Machines with an R2 of 0.50. Differences in root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) among the models highlighted variations in prediction accuracy. This study underscores the effectiveness of photogrammetry, UAV, and machine learning in estimating forage biomass, demonstrating that the proposed approach can provide relatively accurate estimations for this purpose.
Forage yield and nutritive value of plantain and chicory for livestock feed at high altitudes in Peru
(John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2024-10-10) Vallejos Fernández, Luis A.; Guillén, Ricardo; Pinares Patiño, César; García Ticllacuri, Rubén; Muñoz Vilchez, Yudith Yohany; Quilcate, Carlos Enrique; Álvarez García, Wuesley Yusmein
Background: Evaluation of forage resources is vital for the sustainability of livestock farming in the South American Andes, especially under conditions of low water availability for irrigation and acid soils. Methods: We evaluated the productivity and nutritive value of two cultivars of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and one of plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) in three high‐altitude sites (AL) of the northern highlands of Peru: AL‐I: 2300–2800 m.a.s.l, AL‐II: 2801–3300 m.a.s.l. and AL‐III: 3301–3800 m.a.s.l., for 1 year. The parameters evaluated were dry matter yield (DMY), plant height (PH), growth rate (GR) and nutritional value. Results: Plantain achieved the greatest annual DMY (ADMY), PH and GR compared to the two chicory cultivars (9.34, 9.56 and 13.39 Mg ha−1 for Puna II and Sese 100 chicory and Tonic plantain, respectively; p = 0.0019). The greatest ADMY and GR occurred at AL‐I. Regarding nutritional value, differences were observed only for in vitro digestibility of dry matter and metabolisable energy with chicory cultivars higher than plantain. Conclusions: The results indicate that the three cultivars evaluated may be used as a nutritional supplement in cattle feed, associated with grasses because they have high nutritive value suitable for milk production in the mountain regions of Peru.
Compost quality optimization through Plackett-Burman’s design
(OICC Press, 2024-08-28) Ortiz Dongo, Luis Felipe; Mendez Revollar, Yerly; Solorzano Acosta, Richard; Lastra, Sphyros; Carrion Carrera, Gladys
Purpose: This research aimed at compost quality optimization through Plackett-Burman’s design application.This statistical method was used to identify and evaluate key factors that impact compost quality and determine its optimal levels. Method: Eight experiments were carried out with variables such as leachate recirculation, Carbon/Nitrogen ratio,manure type, bacterial and fungi incorporation, type of plant material, and compost pile height. Results: Obtained results revealed significant influence of guinea pig manure in compost quality, improving pH and electric conductivity (dS∙m-1) values, as well as its influence on purple corn fresh and dry weight increase. However, the use of guinea pig manure can increase arsenic, mercury, and lead compost levels, but within the range allowed by Peruvian technical standards. Leachate recirculation showed significant effect on compost humidity increase, which decreased its physical quality to not permitted values by Peruvian technical standards. In addition, leachate uses a reduced number of corn leaves, as well as its fresh and dry weight. It was possible to identify optimal conditions to maximize composting process efficiency, through Plackett-Burman’s Design.
Conclusion: These findings provide a solid foundation for composting practice's continuous improvement, contributing to high-quality organic fertilizer production more efficiently and sustainably. This study has the potential to guide future research and feasible applications in the agricultural field, favoring more environmentally friendly practices adoption.
Reporte de Repositorio Institucional del 01 al 30 de Setiembre 2024
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2024-09-30) Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, INIA
Durante el mes de setiembre se incorporaron 28 publicaciones técnico científicas, en el Repositorio Institucional del INIA, contando a la fecha con un total de 2451 publicaciones, divididas en comunidades y colecciones. El objetivo de este reporte es mantener actualizados los datos sobre las publicaciones técnico-científicas que vienen siendo incorporadas por el área a cargo de la administración del Repositorio Institucional del INIA.
Manual de aplicación de enmiendas para suelos salinos y sódicos
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), 2024-09-27) Pérez Porras, Wendy Elizabeth; Flores Marquez, Ricardo; Calero Rios, Emilee Nahomi; Arévalo Aranda, Yuri Gandhi; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
El enfoque principal del “Manual de aplicación de enmiendas para suelos salinos y sódicos” es brindar conocimiento detallado y paso a paso sobre cómo seleccionar, aplicar y monitorear enmiendas adecuadas para corregir los problemas de salinidad y sodicidad en los suelos, donde se abordan y recomiendan enmiendas orgánicas y químicas; asimismo, se proporciona ejemplos específicos de casos exitosos de su uso. Esto contribuirá al desarrollo de prácticas agrícolas más sostenibles y productivas en entornos afectados por la degradación química como es la salinidad y sodicidad.
Molecular identification of the most frequent pathotypes of Escherichia coli in calves with diarrhoea in the Cajamarca region of Peru
(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, 2024-09-30) Cabrera González, Marco; Quilcate Pairazamán, Carlos; Alvarez García, Wuesley; Cabrera Hoyos, Héctor; Tayca Saldaña, Antony; Aliaga Tambo, Fernando; Rojas Valdez, Deisy; Cueva Rodríguez, Medali
Background: Colibacillosis caused by Escherichia coli causes significant economic losses in the livestock sector worldwide and is one of the calves’ leading causes of diarrea
Aim: This study aimed to identify the most frequent E. coli molecularly pathotypes in calves with diarrhea in six provinces of the Cajamarca region in the northern highlands of Peru.
Methods: Twenty-eight herds of dairy cattle under a semi-intensive rearing system were evaluated; 95 samples were isolated from calves with diarrhea up to the first month of life, 62 males and 33 females, during the rainy season.
Results: The presence of virulence genes of E. coli strains was more prevalent in males; the astA (89.47%), st (83.15%), and f5 (57.89%) genes were more expressed, and the lt (17.89%) and stx2 (1.05%) genes were less expressed. The eae gene (21.05%) was more present in females.
Conclusion: When E. coli strains express virulence genes astA, st, and f5 and their atypical double, triple, and quadruple combination between different observed pathotypes, they give rise to the formation of several pathotypes by the horizontal transfer of virulence genes, which can cause colibacillosis processes in more virulent calves, which is one of the most important causes of diarrhea in calves in the region of Cajamarca, compromising the sanitary viability in the herds.
Responses of Megacyllene andesiana and Oreodera bituberculata (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) to anti-2,3-hexanediol, fuscumol, and fuscumol acetate in Peru
(Cambridge University Press, 2024-09-25) Aguirre Gil, Oniel Jeremias; Paredes Espinosa, Richard; Egoávil Jump, Giannfranco; Allison, Jeremy Dean
Management of phytosanitary and biosecurity risks associated with the Cerambycidae focuses on prevention and early detection. Semiochemical-baited traps are an important component of these management efforts. Cerambycid pheromones are often screened in field trials to develop inventories of which species can be surveyed with which semiochemicals. We report field trials of two types of intercept
traps (four- and three-sided panel traps) baited with known Cerambycidae pheromones aimed to capture Peruvian fauna. Intercept traps were baited with anti-2,3-hexanediol, fuscumol, and fuscumol acetate alone and in binary and ternary blends. The most frequently captured species was Megacyllene andesiana (Casey) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (n = 268), followed by Oreodera bituberculata Bates (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (n = 59), Discopus eques Bates (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (n = 37), and Aegomorphus longitarsis (Bates) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (n = 31). Trap type did not affect capture rates. Male and female M. andesiana were attracted by anti-2,3-hexanediol. The addition of fuscumol, fuscumol acetate, or the combination of fuscumol and fuscumol acetate reduced male M. andesiana captures, whereas the addition of fuscumol and the combination of fuscumol and fuscumol acetate reduced the response of female M. andesiana. Male O. bituberculata were attracted to traps baited with fuscumol, and this response was reduced by the addition of fuscumol acetate, whether or not anti-2,3-hexanediol was present.