Examinando por Autor "Huayllacayan Mallqui, Jorge Johnny"

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Omics strategies targeting microbes with microplastic detection and biodegradation properties
(CRC Press, 2024-04-12) Hualpa Cutipa, Edwin; Solórzano Acosta, Andi; Ravelo Machari, Yadira Karolay; Gomez Barrientos, Fiorella; Huayllacayan Mallqui, Jorge Johnny; Arquíñego Zárate, Fiorella Maité; León Chacón, Andrea; Alfaro Cancino, Milagros Estefani
Plastic-based products are ubiquitous in ecosystems due to their widespread use and utility in everyday life. Water matrices and winds are the primary means of plastic dispersal, which poses a threat to water consumption due to the presence of invisible contaminants. Microplastics (MPs) are the result of the physical, chemical, and biological degradation of bulky plastics, becoming a health hazard to living organisms. Microorganisms play a crucial role in the recycling and decomposition of harmful compounds. Studies have explored the properties of microorganisms in biodegradation and genetic manipulation to improve their metabolic properties. However, new strategies for detecting and understanding MPs’ metabolic versatility are needed. Various techniques have been developed to detect microbes and their biomolecules in various environments, including those not detectable using traditional culturing techniques. Omics approaches based on massive sequencing technologies (next generation sequencing) provide a better understanding of microbial cells and their characteristics. Strategies such as genomics, transcriptomics, metagenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics allow for precise molecular analysis, generating information about the genes a microorganism can harbor and the pattern of gene expression and protein synthesis under different conditions. This chapter aims to address the main omics strategies for detecting and identifying MPs and their biomolecules, including recent studies in humans.
Potential of extremophilic and native microbial consortia in the bioleaching of heavy metals on mining process
(CRC Press, 2024-04-12) Hualpa Cutipa, Edwin; Solorzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Huayllacayan Mallqui, Jorge Johnny; Aguirre Catalan, Heidy Mishey; León Chacón, Andrea; Castro Tena, Lucero Katherine
Mining is a significant economic activity in many countries, resulting in the release of wastewater with high concentrations of heavy metals and other harmful compounds. Leaching is a treatment technique for these effluents, allowing the recovery of precious metals through solubilization, but it generates large amounts of tailings and waste effluents. Microbial leaching (bioleaching) is a biological strategy where microbes are used to solubilize precious metals in insoluble substrates through microbial metabolism or metabolic products. Extremophilic microorganisms, particularly those formed by indigenous consortia (bacteria and fungi), have versatile metabolic traits that are highly valued. Some heterotrophic bacteria adapt to acid environments and high concentrations of heavy metals as a defense mechanism against heavy metals. The pH is a fundamental parameter of bioleaching, and for efficient bioleaching, microbial consortia composed of mixed cultures, mainly extremophilic microbes, are proposed due to their poly-resistance to a reduced pH, likely to favor the recovery of metal. This chapter addresses the main characteristics of extremophilic microorganisms forming native microbial consortia and their biotechnological potential in the bioleaching of heavy metal-rich mining effluents. The aim is to highlight advanced strategies or methods for studying this group of microorganisms, considering their enormous potential as a priceless source of compounds of interest for various fields such as medicine, agriculture, and mining.