Examinando por Autor "Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis"

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Age-dependent changes in protist and fungal microbiota in a peruvian cattle genetic nucleus
(MDPI, 2024-08-14) Estrada Cañari, Richard; Romero Avila, Yolanda Madelein; Quilcate Pairazamán, Carlos Enrique; Dipaz Berrocal, Deisy Juana; Alejos Asencio, Carol Silvia; Leon Trinidad, Silvia Eliana; Alvarez García, Wesley Yusmein; Rojas, Diorman; Alvarado, Wigoberto; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis; Arbizu, Carlos Irvin
In this research, the connection between age and microbial diversity in cattle was explored, revealing significant changes in both protist diversity and fungal microbiota composition with age. Using fecal samples from 21 Simmental cattle, microbial communities were analyzed through 18S rRNA gene sequencing. Results indicated significant differences in alpha protist diversity among the three age groups, while fungal composition varied notably with age and was linked to hematological parameters. Despite the stability of fungal alpha diversity, compositional changes suggest the gut as a stable niche for microbial colonization influenced by diet, clinical parameters, and microbial interactions. All cattle were maintained on a consistent diet, tailored to meet the specific nutritional needs of each age group. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding age-related microbial dynamics to enhance livestock management and animal health, contributing to broader ecological and biomedical research. This study was limited by the lack of comprehensive metabolic analyses correlating microbiota changes with specific age-related variations, indicating a need for further research in this área.
Agro-morphological characterization and diversity analysis of Coffea arabica germplasm collection from INIA, Peru
(John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2023-06-06) Paredes Espinosa, Richard; Gutiérrez Reynoso, Dina Lida; Atoche Garay, Diego Fernando; Mansilla Córdova, Pedro Javier ; Abad Romaní, Yudi Gertrudis; Girón Aguilar, Rita Carolina; Flores Torres, Itala; Montañez Artica, Ana Gabriela; Arbizu Berrocal, Carlos Irvin; Amasifuen Guerra, Carlos Alberto; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis; Poemape Tuesta, Carlos Augusto; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos
Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plays a major role in the economy of Peru and the world. The present study aims to elucidate the agro-morphological variability of coffee genotypes maintained in the INIA´s germplasm collection. Therefore, 20 vegetative, reproductive, and phytosanitary traits of 162 coffee accessions of INIA’s germplasm collection were evaluated and analyzed. Correlation results indicate that a simultaneous selection of characters, such as number of branches per plant, number of nodes per branch, leaf area and weight of a hundred fruits, can contribute to increase coffee yields. Additionally, coffee yield was negatively correlated with the incidence and severity of coffee leaf rust, and interestingly the occurrence of small and compact coffee plants with high resistance to the disease was also found. The analysis of Tocher and Mahalanobis D2 determined the formation of 10 groups of divergent coffee accessions; where clusters 1 (accession codes 20, 29, 38, 54, 67, 71, 117, 24, 26 and 27), 5 (accession codes 46 and 53), 9 (accession code 159), and 10 (accession code 203) group promising accessions that can be used in breeding programs. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that at least five of its principal components managed to explain 70.01% of the total variation in the collection. Finally, the high coefficients obtained for the phenotypic, genotypic and heritability variation confirm the existence of additive genes in the evaluated population, that would ensure the success of coffee breeding programs based on the selection of traits of agronomic importance.
Análisis de cuatro sistemas silvopastoriles en Perú: Caracterización física y nutricional de pasturas, composición florística, reserva de carbono y CO2
(Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, 2020-05-14) Vásquez Pérez, Héctor Vladimir; Valqui Valqui, Leandro; Alegre Horihuela, Julio; Gómez Allca, Carlos; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis
Se identificaron cuatro sistemas silvopastoriles (SSP) y un sistema sin árboles para medir variables como: materia fresca, materia seca y composición florística (época seca y lluviosa); composición nutricional; biomasa: arbórea, herbácea, hojarasca y carbono orgánico del suelo (dos profundidades), para determinar carbono total y CO2. El mayor crecimiento lo registraron las pasturas del SSP Aliso en ambas épocas y obtuvo el mayor rendimiento de materia seca (0,27 kg/m2). En época lluviosa, la mayor cantidad de gramíneas fue para el SSP con Ciprés (49%) y en malezas el SSP Pona (49%) y en época seca la mayor cantidad de gramíneas fue para el SSP Pino (52%) y en malezas el SPP Pona (53%); predominando Dactylis glomerata, Lolium multiflorum y Trifolium repens en ambas épocas. En composición nutricional y digestibilidad destacó el SSP Aliso (proteína cruda (16,06%), fibra detergente neutro (48,23%) y digestibilidad (66,14%)). La mayor retención de carbono y CO2 se registró en el SSP con Pona (179,49 t/ha y 658 t/ha) y el más bajo fue el Aliso (108,15 t/ha y 396,46 t/ha); en cuanto al SSA obtuvo una cantidad de C de 131,33 t/ha y de 481,44 t/ha de CO2. Los SSP acumularon mayor carbono en la parte arbórea y suelo.
Análisis proximal y rendimiento de cinco especies nativas con valor forrajero
(Universidad del Zulia, 2022-01-13) Oliva, Manuel; Meléndez Mori, Jegnes Benjamín; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis; Milla Pino, Manuel Emilio; Leiva, Santos
El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el establecimiento, crecimiento, rendimiento y valor nutritivo de cinco especies nativas con valor forrajero (Cenchrus clandestinus, Philoglossa mimuloides, Philoglossa sp., Trifolium dubium y Trifolium repens). El experimento se realizó en el distrito de Molinopampa (Perú), donde se instalaron parcelas de 30 m2. La altura de planta se midió mensualmente hasta los 90 días. El material se cortó a nivel del suelo, se pesó, se secó y se determinaron los rendimientos de forraje verde y materia seca. El valor nutricional de las muestras se realizó siguiendo el procesamiento de la AOAC. Los resultados muestran que el porcentaje de establecimiento más alto fue alcanzado por T. repens (89,51%). La altura de planta mostró que P. mimuloides y Philoglossa sp. registraron su mayor crecimiento entre los días 30 y 60 después del establecimiento; y además fueron las especies con mayores niveles forraje verde (7,46 y 8,04 kg/m2) y materia seca (8,58 y 8,90 t/ha). En términos de valor nutricional, T. dubium y C. clandestinus registraron los niveles más altos de proteína y fibra, respectivamente; mientras que las especies del género Philoglossa tienen mayor digestibilidad.
Assessment of the genetic structure and diversity of arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza) using genotyping-by-sequencing
(International Society for Horticultural Science, 2024-04-13) Arbizu Berrocal, Carlos Irvin; Saldaña Serrano, Carla Lizet; Lazo, E.; Suca Damiano, Esther Stefany; Santa Cruz Padilla, Angel Esteban; Chávez Cabrera, Alexander; Cabrera Hoyos, Héctor Antonio; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis
Arracacha, also known as “Peruvian carrot”, is a native crop from the Andean region, and is considered an unexplored root. To date, studies on this crop were mainly focused at the morphological and agronomic level. However, its genetics remains unclear. Today it is feasible to study the genetic composition of this Andean root by next-generation sequencing techniques such as genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). We here for the first time employed 183 accessions of arracacha from six Andean localities of Peru and identified 8976 SNP markers. STRUCTURE analysis revealed this Andean crop is clustered into four populations, and with few accessions intermingled. A dendrogram was generated using the UPGMA clustering algorithm, and, similar to the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), it showed four groups. Genetic diversity estimation was conducted considering the four populations identified, revealing very high expected heterozygosity (0.432). AMOVA revealed the greatest variation within populations (89.66%) and indicated that variability between populations is 10.34%. Population divergence (Fst) ranged from 0.02 (cluster 1 vs. cluster 3) to 0.036 (cluster 1 vs. cluster 4). Negative Fis values were also detected for all populations of arracacha, indicating it depends on cross-pollination. We hope this work stimulates the development of additional molecular tools for this orphan crop in order to establish a modern breeding program and conservation strategies of this important Andean crop.
Capillary electrophoresis as a tool for genotyping SH3 mediated coffee leaf rust resistance
(Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, 2021-03-10) Gutiérrez Calle, Savina Alejandra; Sánchez Díaz, Rosa A.; Delgado Silva, Yolanda Bedsabé; Montenegro, Juan D.; Gutiérrez Reynoso, Dina Lida; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos
Coffee is an important agricultural commodity in the world. However, it is susceptible to Hemileia vastatrix (Hv), an obligatory biotrophic fungus that causes coffee leaf rust (CLR). Natural resistance to rust has been identified in the wild species Coffea canephora and Coffea liberica. These species have been used in breeding programs where interspecific resistant hybrids have been generated. The SH3 gene, derived from C. liberica, has been shown to confer extreme and long-lasting resistance to Hv. A total of 167 accessions of the INIA’s Coffee Germplasm Collection of Peru (INIA-CGC) were screened with 4 markers linked to the SH3 gene. As positive controls, EA67 (C. liberica) and the hybrid S.288 (C. arabica x C. liberica) were used. Separation of PCR products was done by capillary electrophoresis, which allow to discriminate the alleles of each marker. For three markers, specific alleles for either C. arabica or C. liberica species were found. In all cases, S.288 exhibited specific alleles for both species; whereas the INIA-CGC accessions had exclusively C. arabica alleles and EA67 had C. liberica alleles. The BA-48-21O-f marker did not produce PCR fragments for any of the positive controls, suggesting that this marker is not as predictive as the other three to determine the presence of SH3. This work reports the existence of multiple alleles for the Sat244 marker; however, the collection does not have the SH3 mediated-resistance gene. Finally, the utility of capillary electrophoresis as a tool to identify alleles linked to SH3 was demonstrated.
Caracterización de Sistemas Silvopastoriles en la cuenca ganadera de Molinopampa, Zona Noroccidental del Perú
(Universidad de Córdoba, 2020-01-01) Vásquez Pérez, Héctor Vladimir; Valqui Valqui, Leandro; Castillo, Miguel S.; Alegre Horihuela, Julio; Gómez Allca, Carlos; Bobadilla Rivera, Leidy; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis
Los productores de la región Amazonas vienen implementando Sistemas Silvopastoriles (SSP), para contrarrestar los efectos en el suelo y deterioro del ecosistema debido al manejo de una ganadería tradicional; sin embargo, se desconocen las características asociadas a estos sistemas, planteándose como objetivo caracterizar los SSP en la cuenca ganadera de Molinopampa. Se aplicaron encuestas a productores de 130 Unidades Agropecuarias, las cuales se analizaron con técnica multivariada (conglomerados, correlación de Spearman y Análisis de Componentes Principales). El análisis de conglomerados permitió la clasificación de los productores en cinco grupos, diferenciados por el área de SSP que maneja, número de animales y producción de leche por hato ganadero. El grupo que presentó los mejores indicadores fue el cuarto, quienes se dedican a la ganadería en un 57%, cuentan con un área mayor a 6 ha, poseen más de 51 cabezas de ganado vacuno y tienen una producción de leche de 70 litros/hato/día. El análisis de componentes principales mostró correlaciones positivas entre las variables de conocimiento y capacitación, área total del terreno y diseño del sistema, especie del árbol y actividad principal, especie del árbol y diseño del sistema, preferencia del árbol y conocimiento. Las técnicas de análisis multivariado permitieron la clasificación de SSP, indicando que mientras mayor conocimiento y capacitación reciban los productores, el desarrollo de una ganadería sostenible con SSP se incrementa.
Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of a Peruvian landrace of Capsicum chinense Jacq. (Solanaceae), arnaucho chili pepper
(Taylor & Francis Group, 2022-01-05) Arbizu Berrocal, Carlos Irvin; Saldaña Serrano, Carla Lizet; Ferro Mauricio, Rubén Darío; Chávez Galarza, Julio César; Herrera Flores, Jordán Valentín; Contreras Liza, Sergio; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis
In this study, we sequenced the first complete chloroplast (cp) genome of a Peruvian chili pepper landrace, “arnacucho” (Capsicum chinense). This cp genome has a 156,931 bp in length with typical quadripartite structure, containing a large single copy (LSC) region (87,325 bp) and a 17,912 bp small single-copy (SSC) region, separated by two inverted repeat (IR) regions (25,847 bp); and the percentage of GC content was 37.71%. Arnaucho chili pepper chloroplast genome possesses 133 genes that consists of 86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA, eight rRNA, and two pseudogenes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this Peruvian chili pepper landrace is closely related to the undomesticated species C. galapagoense; all belong to the Capsiceae tribe.
Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of the black Alpaca breed of Vicugna pacos (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Camelidae) from Puno, Peru
(Taylor & Francis Group, 2020-03-09) Bustamante, Danilo E.; Yalta Macedo, Claudia Esther; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos; Gutiérrez Reynoso, Dina Lida
The domestic South American camelid Vicugna pacos L. is distributed along Peru, Chile, Bolivia, and Argentina. Here, we contribute to the bioinformatics and evolutionary systematics of the Camelidae by performing high-throughput sequencing analysis on the black Huacaya breed of V. pacos from Puno, Peru. The black Huacaya breed mitogenome is 16,664 base pairs (bp) in length and contains 37 genes (GenBank accession MT044302). The mitogenome shares a high-level of gene synteny to other Camelidae (Camelops, Camelus, Lama, and Vicugna). The mitogenome of the black Huacaya breed of V. pacos situates it in a clade with V. vicugna Molina, sister to Lama. We anticipate that further mitogenome sequencing of different breeds from Vicugna pacos will improve our understanding of the evolutionary history of this taxon.
The complete mitochondrial genome of a Peruvian creole cattle (Bos taurus) and its phylogenetic analysis
(Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2023-02-09) Arbizu Berrocal, Carlos Irvin; Ferro Mauricio, Rubén Darío; Chávez Galarza, Julio César; Vásquez Pérez, Héctor Vladimir; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis; Poemape Tuesta, Carlos Augusto; Gonzáles, J.; Quilcate Pairazamán, Carlos Enrique; Corredor Arizapana, Flor Anita
The population of Peruvian creole cattle (PCC) is decreasing mainly due to the introduction of more productive breeds in recent years. We report the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of a PCC bull for the first time. This genome was 16,339 bp in length with the base composition 31.43% A, 28.64% T, 26.81% C, and 13.12% G. It contained 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and a control region. Among the 37 genes, 28 were positioned on the H-strand and 9 were positioned on the L-strand. The most frequently used codons were CUA (Leucine), AUA (Isoleucine), AUU (Isoleucine), AUC (Isoleucine) and ACA (Threonine). Maximum likelihood analysis clearly demonstrated that PCC are strongly related to a native African breed, giving insights into the maternal ancestry of PCC. The annotated mitochondrial genome of PCC would serve as an important genetic data set for further breeding work and conservation strategies.
Draft genome sequence and SSR data mining of “pumpo” (Bos taurus), a top bull from a peruvian genetic nucleus
(MDPI, 2024-06-18) Estrada Cañari, Richard; Romero Avila, Yolanda; Figueroa Venegas, Deyanira Antonella; Quilcate Pairazaman, Carlos Enrique; Casanova Nuñez-Melgar, David Pavel; Vásquez Pérez, Hector Vladimir; Alvarado Chuqui, Wigoberto; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis; Arbizu Berrocal, Carlos Irvin
Pumpo is a Simmental breed and an essential livestock resource in the nucleus genetic cattle of Peru. This study provides a draft genome sequence of a top bull using a de novo assembly approach on the Illumina Novaseq X platform, yielding 208 GB of raw sequencing data with 150 bp paired‐end reads. The final genome assembly resulted in a size of 2.06 Gb with an N50 contig length of 108 Mb and a completeness of 95.7% according to BUSCO analysis. A total of 973,925 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified, with a predominance of mononucleotide repeats. The genome showed low heterozygosity (0.568%) and moderate repeatability (11.5%), aligning with other Bos taurus genomes. Reference‐guided scaffolding improved the assembly quality significantly, producing an N50 scaffold value of 108 Mb. The SSR analysis of the Pumpo genome identified 973,925 SSRs with a frequency of 2,808 SSRs per kilobase, predominantly mononucleotide repeats, and 85,453 found in compound formations. Obtaining knowledge of the genome of a breeding Simmental bull is essential to optimize breeding programs and improve productivity.
Factores socioeconómicos que influyen en la adopción de tecnologías para mejoramiento genético de ganado vacuno en Perú
(Colegio de Posgraduados, 2022-12-07) Vásquez Pérez, Héctor Vladimir; Barrantes-Bravo, Christian Alfredo; Vigo Mestanza, Carmen Natividad; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis
En el distrito de Florida (Perú), el proceso de adopción de tecnologías para el mejoramiento genético de ganado vacuno ha sido lento y se desconocen los factores socioeconómicos que influyen sobre este proceso. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar los factores socioeconómicos que han influido en la adopción de tecnologías para el mejoramiento genético de ganado vacuno. Se utilizó un modelo metodológico que integra el enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo como herramienta para la obtención de información mediante encuestas semiestructuradas, a una muestra de 144 productores del distrito de Florida. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo, correlación de variables y uso del modelo logit. Dentro de los factores sociales que influyeron en la adopción de tecnologías para el mejoramiento genético fueron: nivel educativo, organización, asistencia técnica, tenencia de tierras, y conocimiento en mejoramiento genético. Los factores económicos que influyeron fueron: el crédito agropecuario, actividad económica principal y producción de leche. En conclusión, los factores socioeconómicos influyen en la adopción de tecnologías de mejoramiento genético para ganado vacuno, e incrementan el porcentaje de éxito en su implementación.
First draft genome assembly of the Peruvian creole cattle breed (Bos taurus) and its comparative genomics among the Bovinae subfamily
(MDPI, 2022-08-18) Estrada Cañari, Richard; Corredor Arizapana, Flor Anita; Figueroa Venegas, Deyanira Antonella; Salazar Coronel, Wilian; Quilcate Pairazamán, Carlos Enrique; Vásquez Pérez, Héctor Vladimir; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis; Gonzales, Jhony; Arbizu Berrocal, Carlos Irvin
The Peruvian creole cattle (PCC) is a neglected breed, and is an essential livestock resource in the Andean region of Peru. To develop a modern breeding program and conservation strategies for the PCC, a better understanding of the genetics of this breed is needed. We sequenced the whole genome of the PCC using a paired-end 150 strategy on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform, obtaining 320 GB of sequencing data. The obtained genome size of the PCC was 2.77 Gb with a contig N50 of 108Mb and 92.59% complete BUSCOs. Also, we identified 40.22% of repetitive DNA of the genome assembly, of which retroelements occupy 32.39% of the total genome. A total of 19,803 protein-coding genes were annotated in the PCC genome. We downloaded proteomes and genomes of the Bovinae subfamily, and conducted a comparative analysis with our draft genome. Phylogenomic analysis showed that PCC is related to Bos indicus. Also, we identified 7,746 family genes shared among the Bovinae subfamily. This first PCC genome is expected to contribute to a better understanding of its genetics to adapt to the tough conditions of the Andean ecosystem, and evolution.
Genetic diversity and population structure of a Peruvian cattle herd using SNP data
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2023-03-10) Corredor Arizapana, Flor Anita; Figueroa Venegas, Deyanira Antonella; Estrada Cañari, Richard; Salazar Coronel, Wilian; Quilcate Pairazamán, Carlos Enrique; Vásquez Pérez, Héctor Vladimir; Gonzales Malca, Jhony Alberto; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis; Medina Morales, Percy Edilberto; Arbizu Berrocal, Carlos Irvin
New-generation sequencing technologies, among them SNP chips for massive genotyping, are useful for the effective management of genetic resources. To date, molecular studies in Peruvian cattle are still scarce. For the first time, the genetic diversity and population structure of a reproductive nucleus cattle herd of four commercial breeds from a Peruvian institution were determined. This nucleus comprises Brahman (N = 9), Braunvieh (N = 9), Gyr (N = 5), and Simmental (N = 15) breeds. Additionally, samples from a locally adapted creole cattle, the Arequipa Fighting Bull (AFB, N = 9), were incorporated. Female individuals were genotyped with the GGPBovine100K and ma les with the BovineHD. Quality control, and the proportion of polymorphic SNPs, minor allele frequency, expected heterozygosity, observed heterozygosity, and inbreeding coefficient were estimated for the five breeds. Admixture, principal component analysis (PCA), and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) were performed. Also, a dendrogram was constructed using the Neighbor-Joining clustering algorithm. The genetic diversity indices in all breeds showed a high proportion of polymorphic SNPs, varying from 51.42% in Gyr to 97.58% in AFB. Also, AFB showed the highest expected heterozygosity estimate (0.41 ± 0.01), while Brahman the lowest (0.33 ± 0.01). Besides, Braunvieh possessed the highest observed heterozygosity (0.43 ± 0.01), while Brahman the lowest (0.37 ± 0.02), indicating that Brahman was less diverse. According to the molecular variance analysis, 75.71% of the variance occurs within individuals, whereas 24.29% occurs among populations. The pairwise genetic differentiation estimates (FST) between breeds showed values that ranged from 0.08 (Braunvieh vs. AFB) to 0.37 (Brahman vs. Braunvieh). Similarly, pairwise Reynold’s distance ranged from 0.09 (Braunvieh vs. AFB) to 0.46 (Brahman vs. Braunvieh). The dendrogram, similar to the PCA, identified two groups, showing a clear separation between Bos indicus (Brahman and Gyr) and B. taurus breeds (Braunvieh, Simmental, and AFB). Simmental and Braunvieh grouped closely with the AFB cattle. Similar results were obtained for the population structure analysis with K = 2. The results from this study would contribute to the appropriate management, avoiding loss of genetic variability in these breeds and for future improvements in this nucleus. Additional work is needed to speed up the breeding process in the Peruvian cattle system.
Identificación y selección de ecotipos de cacao nativo fino de aroma de la zona nor oriental del Perú
(Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, 2020-08-24) Oliva Cruz, Manuel; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis
El Perú cuenta con una alta diversidad de recursos naturales, dentro de ellos es el cultivo de cacao, la zona nororiental es considerada como uno de los centros de origen más importante es éste cultivo. La presente investigación se realiza con el objetico de identificar y seleccionar ecotipos de cacao nativo fino de aroma de la zona nororiental del Perú, para ser incluidos en un banco de germoplasma y un centro de conservación de materiales genéticos promisorios. Cada ecotipo identificado y seleccionado cumplió exigencias estrictas para la elección de plantas, condiciones de vigorosidad, tolerancia a plagas y enfermedades, historial de rendimiento y calidad. Se logró identificar y seleccionar 146 ecotipos de cacao nativo fino de arma, ubicados en diversos pisos altitudinales, sin embargo, se encontró que la mayor diversidad de cacao se encuentra por encima de los 800 msnm.
Influence of arboreal components on the physical-chemical characteristics of the soil under four silvopastoral systems in northeastern Peru
(Elsevier, 2021-08-06) Vásquez Pérez, Héctor Vladimir; Valqui Valqui, Leandro; Bobadilla Rivera, Leidy; Arbizu Berrocal, Carlos Irvin; Alegre Horihuela, Julio; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis
Silvopastoral systems (SPS) are presented as an alternative for the protection and recovery of soils; however, the relationship between the tree component and the physical-chemical characteristics of the soil is unknown. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the physical-chemical characteristics of the soil under four silvopastoral systems (SPS), alder (Alnus acuminata), pine (Pinus patula), cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa), and pona (Ceroxylon quindiuense), and a treeless system (TS) in the Amazonas region. A completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and three replicates was used. The experimental units were sampled at two depths, 0–15 and 15–30 cm. The parameters evaluated were pH, electrical conductivity (dS/m), organic matter (%), phosphorus (ppm), potassium (ppm), cation exchange capacity (meq/100 g), porosity (%), mechanical resistance (kg/cm2), bulk density (gr/cm3), moisture (%) and total carbon (t/ha). The results were analyzed by analysis of variance (α = 0.05 %) and Tukey's test of means (p ≤ 0.05). The systems presented strong acidic pH values (4.11–5.61), which resulted in high organic matter contents in all systems (6.74–9.99 %). The highest phosphorus content was in the SPS with alder (12.64 ppm), and the highest potassium content was in the SPS with cypress (382.33 ppm). Porosity in all systems was higher than 60 %. The highest bulk density was between 15 and 30 cm, and the highest percentage of moisture was in the surface layer (0–15 cm). The mechanical strength was higher in the SPS with cypress (2.62 kg/cm2). For all the systems evaluated, the highest carbon stock was found in the first 15 cm. The SPS with pine had the best soil characteristics and carbon sequestration (149.05 t/ha).
Phenotypic characterization of fine-aroma cocoa from Northeastern Peru
(Hindawi, 2021-07-05) Oliva Cruz, Manuel; Goñas Goñas, Malluri; García, Ligia M.; Rabanal Oyarse, Raúl; Alvarado Chuqui, Cástula; Escobedo Ocampo, Patricia; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis
The phenotypic characterization of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) plays an important role in the generation of information for the conservation of cacao germplasm. The objective of this study is to characterize phenotypically 146 ecotypes of fine-aroma native cacao (FFNC) from northeastern Peru that were collected from 280 to 1265 metres above sea level. Morphological descriptors of fruits and seeds, sensory characteristics, and productivity descriptors were used. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics with pie charts, distribution histograms, and multiple correspondence analysis. The results showed that 76.7% of the cocoa ecotypes had green immature fruits, 73% showed slight roughness on the surface of the fruit, 54% showed an intermediate thickness of the fruit wall, and 90% had the appearance of pairs of equidistant ridges. Regarding seed characteristics, 71% showed purplish cotyledons, with a high presence of floral and fruity notes and low levels of bitterness and astringency. Likewise, 52% of the fruits and 64% of the seeds were long. More importantly, cocoa beans needed to produce between 14 and 16 pods to obtain one kilogram of dry cocoa, which reflects a good level of productivity. Finally, there was a positive relationship between elevation levels and the presence of fine-flavoured native cocoa, i.e., the greatest diversity of native cocoa with floral and fruity notes was found above 501 metres above sea level.
Reference-Guided Draft Genome Assembly, Annotation and SSR Mining Data of the Peruvian Creole Cattle (Bos taurus)
(MDPI, 2022-11-09) Estrada Cañari, Richard; Corredor Arizapana, Flor Anita; Figueroa, Deyanira; Salazar Coronel, Wilian; Quilcate Pairazamán, Carlos Enrique; Vásquez Pérez, Héctor Vladimir; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis; Gonzales, Jhony; Arbizu Berrocal, Carlos Irvin
The Peruvian creole cattle (PCC) is a neglected breed and an essential livestock resource in the Andean region of Peru. To develop a modern breeding program and conservation strategies for the PCC, a better understanding of the genetics of this breed is needed. We sequenced the whole genome of the PCC using a de novo assembly approach with a paired-end 150 strategy on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform, obtaining 320 GB of sequencing data. A reference scaffolding was used to improve the draft genome. The obtained genome size of the PCC was 2.81 Gb with a contig N50 of 108 Mb and 92.59% complete BUSCOs. This genome size is similar to the genome references of Bos taurus and B. indicus. In addition, we identified 40.22% of repetitive DNA of the genome assembly, of which retroelements occupy 32.39% of the total genome. A total of 19,803 protein-coding genes were annotated in the PCC genome. For SSR data mining, we detected similar statistics in comparison with other breeds. The PCC genome will contribute to a better understanding of the genetics of this species and its adaptation to tough conditions in the Andean ecosystem.
Relación de firmas espectrales para la identificación de bosque seco en imágenes de satélite Sentinel-2, cuenca baja del río Chira, Región Piura
(Asociación Española de Teledetección, 2020-11-27) Aldana, C.; Revilla Chávez, Jorge Manuel; Gonzales, J.; Saavedra, Y.; Moncada, W.; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis
El Fenómeno del Niño, las sequías y el clima cálido influyen de manera directa en el buen estado ecológico de los bosques en la Región Piura. El objetivo es relacionar las firmas espectrales evaluadas en las imágenes de satélite Sentinel-2 con las firmas espectrales medidas con el espectro-radiómetro FieldSpec4, para la identificación de bosque seco en la cuenca baja del río Chira, región Piura, Perú. El preprocesamiento de las imágenes Sentinel-2 correspondientes a los tiles 17MNR, 17MPR, 17MMQ, 17MNQ y 17MPQ son unidas en mosaico, remuestreadas y cortadas con el software SNAP. El apilamiento de las bandas 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 y 12 genera un raster cuyos valores de reflectancia de los píxeles están relacionados a sus longitudes de onda. La clasificación de las zonas con bosque seco se realiza con la firma espectral medida con el espectro-radiómetro FieldSpec4. La validación de los resultados se realiza aplicando las pruebas no paramétricas de ANOVA y Mann- Whitney-Wilcoxon en cuatro puntos de muestreo. El área de superficie de bosque seco en la cuenca baja del río Chira es 129 113,06 ha, que representa el 3,8 % del área total de bosque seco en el norte del Perú.
Revealing the complete chloroplast genome of an Andean horticultural crop, sweet cucumber (Solanum muricatum), and its comparison with other Solanaceae species
(MDPI, 2022-09-01) Saldaña Serrano, Carla Lizet; Chávez Galarza, Julio César; De la Cruz, Germán; Jhoncon, Jorge H.; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos; Vásquez Pérez, Héctor Vladimir; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis; Arbizu Berrocal, Carlos Irvin
Sweet cucumber (Solanum muricatum) sect. Basarthrum is a neglected horticultural crop native to the Andean region. It is naturally distributed very close to other two Solanum crops of high importance, potatoes, and tomatoes. To date, molecular tools for this crop remain undetermined. In this study, the complete sweet cucumber chloroplast (cp) genome was obtained and compared with seven Solanaceae species. The cp genome of S. muricatum was 155,681 bp in length and included a large single copy (LSC) region of 86,182 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,360 bp, separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IR) regions of 25,568 bp. The cp genome possessed 87 protein-coding genes (CDS), 37 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, eight ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and one pseudogene. Furthermore, 48 perfect microsatellites were identified. These repeats were mainly located in the noncoding regions. Whole cp genome comparative analysis revealed that the SSC and LSC regions showed more divergence than IR regions. Similar to previous studies, our phylogenetic analysis showed that S. muricatum is a sister species to members of sections Petota + Lycopersicum + Etuberosum. We expect that this first sweet cucumber chloroplast genome will provide potential molecular markers and genomic resources to shed light on the genetic diversity and population studies of S. muricatum, which will allow us to identify varieties and ecotypes. Finally, the features and the structural differentiation will provide us with information about the genes of interest, generating tools for the most precise selection of the best individuals of sweet cucumber, in less time and with fewer resources.