Examinando por Autor "Olivera, J."

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Fertilisation Methods for Commercial Yield in Three Garlic Cultivars (Allium sativum L.)
(Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 2019-12-30) Condor, J.; Olivera, J.; Pinedo, R.
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an important crop for domestic consumption in Peru. However, there is insufficient information available on crop management, particularly on fertiliser application to local cultivars. In order to evaluate the response of three garlic cultivars to three fertilisation methods, an experiment was conducted at the Donoso Experimental Station in Huaral district, a province of Lima. Three garlic cultivars were used as experimental materials: ‘Cincomesino’, ‘Arequipeño 14’ and ‘Margosino’. Three methods of fertilisation were applied as treatments: broadcast application before furrowing (M1), fertilisation in a superficial groove or false furrow (M2), and fertilisation in the lateral furrows, or band application (M3). The experiments were installed in three parcels for each cultivar, with a randomised complete block design for each parcel and four replications. In general, localised fertilisation methods showed the best performance for the broadcast method. Regarding total yield, fertilisation at the sides of the furrow (M3) for ‘Cincomesino’ reached 13.08 t/ha. The highest yield for the ‘Arequipeño 14’ cultivar (12.25 t/ha) was achieved using fertilisation with a surface groove or false furrow (M2). For the ‘Margosino’ cultivar, fertilisation on the sides of the furrow was ideal, and the yield was 10.95 t/ha.
Micropropagation of clonal lines of thorny artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.)
(Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 2019-04-30) Catacora, E.; Olivera, J.; Ramos, Z.; Alve Quispe, Zuly Mery; Pinedo, R.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the in vitro propagation ability of 10 clonal lines of thorny globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.). The study methodology comprised five stages of evaluation. The stages evaluated were initiation, multiplication, rooting, acclimatization, and transplant to the field. The study began with the initiation of dissected shoot tips of 10 clonal lines in test tubes containing the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Best results were obtained when explants were cultured on an induction medium containing MS + naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) 1.0 mg l−1 + benzyl aminopurine (BA) 1.0 mg l−1, highlighting clonal lines L-250, L-132, and L-62. Because of high rates of vitrification and phenolization in the initial stage, clonal lines L-24, L-127, and L-142 were discarded from the study. Therefore, only seven clonal lines were included for evaluation in the multiplication stage. Once the microplants were obtained under laboratory condition in the culture medium, they were immediately transferred to a proliferation medium containing MS + BA 1.0 mg l−1. Only in three clonal lines (L-132, L-200, and L-250), a high multiplication rate (3.5 shoots/explant) was achieved with axillary bud formation. Of the seven clonal lines evaluated, clonal line L-250 achieved the highest rates in the variables shoot height (3.38 cm), number of leaves (13.4), and number of shoots/explant (4.4). In the rooting stage, clonal line L-250 obtained a significant improvement by transferring plantlets to direct acclimatization after 20 days of in vitro root induction in a medium containing MS + NAA 1.0 mg l−1. Similarly, in the acclimatization stage, the clonal line L-250 showed a significant result. Then, in the transplantation stage, the plants were transplanted to the field with 100% rooting; 30 days after the transplantation, the clonal line L-250 obtained 100% survival in the field than the control treatments (offspring from two locations were used – Mito and Alayo). As the rooting period is reduced by approximately 20 days by inducing direct root formation under greenhouse conditions, the micropropagation technique is optimized with the protocol used in this study.